BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN
124:1994
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1
Gully tops and manhole
tops for vehicular and
pedestrian areas —
Design requirements,
type testing, marking,
quality control
The European Standard EN 124:1994 has the status of a
British Standard
UDC 628.253.1:001.4:620.1
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This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of Technical
Committee B/505, Waste
Water Engineering, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and
comes into effect on
15 October 1994
© BSI 11-1998
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/505/4
Draft for comment 92/14687 DC
ISBN 0 580 22754 5
Cooperating organizations
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose
supervision
this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national
standards
organizations of the following countries:
Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut
Belgium Institut belge de normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standard
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.
France Association française de normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland
Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Portugal Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade
Spain Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación
Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Comments
8587 May 1995 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed
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© BSI 11-1998 i
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 124 5
National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside
back cover
National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back
cover
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ii
© BSI 11-1998
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of
the Technical
Committee B/505, Waste Water Engineering and is the English
language version
of EN 124:1994.
EN 124 was produced as a result of European discussion in which
the UK took an
active part. The UK voted against this standard at the Formal
Vote stage but the
analysis of voting, in accordance with clause 5.1 of the Common
CEN/CENELEC
Rules, resulted in a positive vote. In consequence the document
was accepted as
a European Standard.
EN 124:1994 is a revision of EN 124:1986.
This British Standard supersedes BS 497-1:1976, which will be
withdrawn in due
course.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their
correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer
immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a
back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have
had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment
table on the
inside front cover.
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NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 124
June 1994
UDC 628.253.1:001.4:620.1 Supersedes EN 124:1986
Descriptors: Sanitation, water removal, gully tops, closing
devices, traffic lanes, specifications, classifications,
equipment
specifications, tests, quality control, marking
English version
Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian
areas —
Design requirements, type testing, marking, quality control
Dispositifs de couronnement et de fermeture
pour les zones de circulation utilisées par les
piétons et les véhicules —
Principes de construction, essais types,
marquage, contrôle de qualité
Aufsätze und Abdeckungen für
Verkehrsflächen Baugrundsätze, Prüfungen,
Kennzeichnung, Gütebeürwachung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-06-06. CEN
members
are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the
status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central
Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions
(English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members
Ref. No. EN 124:1994 E
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2 © BSI 11-1998
Foreword
The Technical Committee CEN/TC 77, Drainage
equipment, was founded in 1973 and in the
beginning it was concerned with general drainage
equipment. As the tasks which had to be
accomplished were revealed as being too extensive,
the Committee was divided into the working groups,
Drainage equipment inside buildings (WG 1), and
Drainage equipment outside buildings (WG 2), and,
finally, in 1980 two independent Technical
Committees were created, i.e. CEN/TC 77, Drainage
equipment (systems, design requirements,
coordination) inside buildings, and CEN/TC 96,
Drainage equipment outside buildings. In 1989 the
two committees were put together again due to a
draft mandate of the EEC and taking into account
the new approach; the committee’s number now is
CEN/TC 165.
For the first edition of EN 124 published in 1986 the
committee left certain requirements for later
consideration. Also some other requirements,
e.g. the selection of the class of the gully tops and
manhole tops appropriate to the place of
installation, could not be specified at that time.
In 1988 it was decided in CEN/TC 96 to revise the
standard and to include the subject of certification.
This and all the other requirements are now
included in this revised version which was adopted
by the TC 165 in 1993 but also at present the
assignment of classes in relation to places of
installation could only be given by a directive.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
December 1994, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1994.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the following countries are bound to
implement this European Standard: Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United
Kingdom.
Contents
Page
Foreword 2
1 Scope 5
2 Normative references 5
3 Definitions 5
4 Classification 8
5 Place of installation 8
6 Materials 9
Page
6.1 General 9
6.1.1 Manhole tops and gully tops 9
6.1.2 Gratings 9
6.1.3 Other materials 9
6.1.4 Cover fillings 9
6.2 Production, quality and testing 9
7 Design requirements 9
7.1 General 9
7.2 Vents in covers for manhole tops 9
7.3 Clear openings of manhole tops
for man entry 10
7.4 Depth of insertion 10
7.5 Total clearance 10
7.6 Seatings 10
7.7 Edge and contact surfaces
protection for manhole tops of
steel reinforced concrete 10
7.8 Securing of the cover/grating
within the frame 10
7.9 Slot dimensions 10
7.9.1 Straight slots 11
7.9.1.1 Classes A 15 and B 125 11
7.9.1.2 Classes C 250 to F 900 11
7.9.2 Slots other than straight 11
7.10 Dirt pans and dirt buckets 11
7.11 Positioning of covers and gratings 11
7.12 Surface condition 11
7.13 Loosening and opening of covers
and gratings 11
7.14 Sealed manhole tops 12
7.15 Frame bearing area 12
7.16 Frame depth 12
7.17 Opening angle of hinged
covers/gratings 12
7.18 Recessed covers (filled covers) 12
8 Testing 12
8.1 Test loads 12
8.2 Testing apparatus 13
8.2.1 Testing machine 13
8.2.2 Test blocks 13
8.2.3 Preparation for the test 13
8.2.4 Type testing 13
8.3 Testing procedure 13
8.3.1 Measurement of permanent
set of the cover or grating
after the application of
2/3 of
the test load 13
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Page
8.3.2 Application of the test load 15
8.4 Measurement control 15
8.4.1 General inspection 15
8.4.2 Vents 15
8.4.3 Clear opening 15
8.4.4 Depth of insertion 15
8.4.5 Total clearance 15
8.4.6 Seatings 15
8.4.7 Edge protection 15
8.4.8 Securing of cover and/or
grating within its frame 15
8.4.9 Slot dimensions 15
8.4.9.1 Straight slots 15
8.4.9.2 Slots other than straight 15
8.4.10 Dirt buckets, dirt pans 16
8.4.11 Positioning 16
8.4.12 Surface condition 16
8.4.13 Loosening and opening of covers
and gratings 16
8.4.14 Frame depth 16
8.4.15 Opening angle 16
8.4.16 Permanent set 16
9 Marking 16
10 Quality control 16
10.1 General 16
10.2 Quality control done by the
manufacturer 16
10.2.1 Factories certified to EN 29002 16
10.2.2 Factories not certified to EN 29002 16
10.3 Third party control 16
10.3.1 Procedure of the 3rd party control 17
10.3.1.1 Factories certified to EN 29002 17
10.3.1.2 Factories not to certified
to EN 29002 17
10.3.2 Report by the third party 17
10.3.3 Nonconforming units 17
11 Installation 17
Annex A (normative) Scheme of
internal quality control 19
Figure 1 6
Figure 2 6
Figure 3 6
Figure 4 6
Figure 5 6
Figure 6 7
Figure 7a 7
Page
Figure 7b 7
Figure 7c 7
Figure 7d 7
Figure 7e 7
Figure 8a 7
Figure 8b 7
Figure 8c 7
Figure 9a — Typical highway
cross-section showing the location of
some installation groups 8
Figure 9b — Typical detail of a hard
shoulder showing the location of some
installation groups 8
Figure 10 — Orientation of slots 11
Figure 11 — Gauge 12
Figure 12 — Test blocks and geometric
centres 15
Table 1 — Galvanizing coating of rolled
steel 9
Table 2 — Minimum vent area 9
Table 3 — Thickness of edge and contact
surface protection 10
Table 4 — Dimensions for classes A 15
and B 125 11
Table 5 — Dimensions for classes C 250
to F 900 11
Table 6 — Test loads 13
Table 7 — Dimensions of test blocks 14
Table 8 — Permissible permanent set 15
Table 9 — Third party control 18
Table A.1 — Receiving inspection and testing 19
Table A.2 — Process control 20
Table A.3 — Final inspection and testing
of products 21
Table A.4 — Rolled steel 21
Table A.5 — Reinforced concrete 22
Table A.6 — Inspection, measuring and
test equipment — Handling, storage,
packaging and delivery — Control of
nonconforming product 22
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1 Scope
This standard applies to gully tops and manhole
tops with a clear opening up to and
including1 000 mm, for installation within areas
subjected to pedestrian and/or vehicular traffic.
This standard does not apply to surface boxes nor to
floor and roof gullies in buildings which are
specified in prEN 1253.
The purpose of this standard is to establish
definitions, classes, materials, design and testing
requirements, marking and quality control of gully
tops and manhole tops.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated references, provisions from other
publications.These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
ISO 185:1988, Grey cast iron — Classification.
ISO 1083:1987, Spheroidal graphite cast iron —
Classification.
ISO 630:1980, Structural steels.
ISO 3755:1991, Cast carbon steels for general
engineering purposes.
ISO 1459:1973, Metallic coatings — Protection
against corrosion by hot dip galvanizing — Guiding
principles.
ISO 1460:1992, Metallic coatings — Hot dip
galvanized coatings on ferrous materials —
Gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area.
ISO 1461:1973, Metallic coatings — Hot dip
galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous
products — Requirements.
ISO 8062:1984, Castings — System of dimensional
tolerances.
Euronorm 80:1985, Reinforcing bars (not for
prestressing); Technical delivery conditions.
Euronorm 81:1969.03, Hot rolled flat round
reinforcing steel; dimension, mass, tolerances.
Euronorm 82:1979.02, Steel for the reinforcement of
concrete with an improved bonding action;
dimensions, mass, tolerances, general requirements.
prEN 1253-1, Gullies for buildings —
Part 1: Requirements.
prEN 1253-2, Gullies for buildings — Part 2: Test
methods.
EN 29002:1987, Quality systems — Model for
quality assurance in production and installation.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following
definitions apply.
No. Term Definition
1 Gully An assembly to receive surface water for discharge into
a drainage system
2 Manhole A chamber or access shaft to underground systems
3 Gully top That part of a gully, consisting of a frame and
grating and/or cover and
which is placed on the gully pot at the place of installation
4 Manhole top That part of a manhole consisting of a frame and a
cover and/or a grating
5 Frame The fixed part of a gully top or manhole top which
receives and supports a
grating and/or a cover
6 Grating The movable part(s) of a manhole top or a gully top,
which permits the
passage of water through itself to the gully
7 Cover The movable part(s) of a manhole top or a gully top
which cover(s) the
manhole or gully opening
8 Vent An opening in the cover of a manhole top to provide
ventilation
9 Dirt bucket A removable component of a gully or a gully top
which collects debris
10 Dirt pan A removable component of a manhole or manhole top
which collects debris
11 Seating The surface on which the grating or the cover rests
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124:1994
6 © BSI 11-1998
12 Depth of insertion (A)
(mm)
The dimension A as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2
Figure 1 Figure 2
13 Total clearance (a)
(mm)
The sum of the maximum individual clearances between adjacent
elements of the frame and grating/cover as shown in Figure 1,
Figure 2,
Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5
a = a1 + ar in the case of Figure 3
a = a1 + ac1 + ac2 + ar in the case of Figure 4
a = a1 + ac + ar in the case of Figure 5
(al
clearance left)
(ac clearance centre)
(ar clearance right)
Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 5
14 Bearing area (mm2) The surface of the underside of a frame
which rests upon the supporting
structure
No. Term Definition
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15 Clear opening (CO)
(mm)
The diameter of the largest circle that can be inscribed in the
clear area
(No. 16) of the frame, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 a –
Figure 7 e
Figure 6
Figure 7 a Figure 7 b Figure 7 c
Figure 7 d Figure 7 e
16 clear area (m2) The unobstructed area between the seatings
i.e. the shaded area as shown
in Figure 8 a, Figure 8 b, Figure 8 c
Figure 8 a Figure 8 b Figure 8 c
17 Mass per unit area
(kg/m2)
Total mass of the cover or the grating in kg divided by the
clear area in m2
18 Cushioning insert Material in a frame, grating or cover used
to provide a non-rock seating
19 Test load (kN) Load applied to gully tops or manhole tops
when tested
20 Pedestrian areas Area reserved for pedestrians and only
occasionally open to vehicular
traffic for delivery, cleaning purposes or in emergency
21 Pedestrian streets Area where vehicular traffic is prohibited
during certain periods
(e.g. pedestrian areas during business hours and vehicular
traffic outside
these hours)
No. Term Definition
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4 Classification
Gully tops and manhole tops are divided into the
following classes:
A 15, B 125, C 250, D 400, E 600 and F 900.
NOTE When the standard is revised in the future, the
conversion of class A 15 to A 30 may be considered.
5 Place of installation
The appropriate class of manhole top or gully top to
be used depends upon the place of installation. The
various places of installation have been divided into
groups numbered 1 to 6, as listed below. Figure 9a
and Figure 9b show the location of some of these
groups in a highway environment. A guide as to
which class of manhole top or gully top should be
used is shown in parentheses for each group. The
selection of the appropriate class is the
responsibility of the designer. Where there is any
doubt, the stronger class should be selected.
Group 1 (min. class A 15)
Areas which can only be used by pedestrians and
pedal cyclists.
Group 2 (min. class B 125)
Footways, pedestrian areas and comparable
areas, car parks or car parking decks.
Group 3 (min. class C 250)
For gully tops installed in the area of kerbside
channels of roads (Figure 9a) which when
measured from the kerb edge, extend a
maximum of 0,5 m into the carriageway and a
maximum of 0,2 m into the footway.
Group 4 (min. class D 400)
Carriageways of roads (including pedestrian
streets), hard shoulders (Figure 9b) and parking
areas, for all types of road vehicles.
Group 5 (min. class E 600)
Areas imposing high wheel loads, e.g. docks,
aircraft pavements.
Group 6 (class F 900)
Areas imposing particularly high wheel loads,
e.g. aircraft pavements.
Figure 9a — Typical highway cross-section showing the location
of some installation groups
Figure 9b — Typical detail of a hard shoulder showing the
location of some installation
groups
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6 Materials
6.1 General
6.1.1 Manhole tops and gully tops
Manhole tops and gully tops with the exception of
gratings shall be made from either:
a) flake graphite cast iron;
b) spheroidal graphite cast iron;
c) cast steel;
d) rolled steel;
e) one of the materials a) to d) combined with
concrete; or
f) steel reinforced concrete.
The use of rolled steel is admissible only if a
sufficient corrosion resistance is ensured. This
resistance can be achieved by hot-dip galvanizing on
a clean surface with a thickness of equal or greater
than the values given in Table 1. The minimum
thickness of rolled steel shall be 2,75 mm (except for
contact and edge protection which shall comply
with 7.7)
Table 1 — Galvanizing coating of rolled steel
6.1.2 Gratings
Gratings shall be made from either:
a) flake graphite cast iron;
b) spheroidal graphite cast iron; or
c) cast steel.
6.1.3 Other materials
For any other material used in the field of
application of this standard, all requirements of this
specification shall be met and an approved
independent body shall establish any other relevant
requirements and testing methods.
6.1.4 Cover fillings
Cover fillings may consist of concrete or other filling
material appropriate to the place of installation.
6.2 Production, quality and testing
The production, quality and testing of the materials
designated below shall comply with the following
ISO standards or Euronorms:
The minimum compressive strength of concrete for
classes B 125 to F 900 at 28 days shall be 45 N/mm2
for a test cube of 150 mm, or 40 N/mm2 for a test
cylinder 150 mm diameter × 300 mm high. For class
A 15 manhole tops, the minimum compressive
strength shall be 25 N/mm2.
When steel reinforcement is used, the concrete cover
to the steel shall be a minimum of 20 mm on all
sides. The reinforcement design and detailing shall
be in accordance with the relevant European
Standards. This does not apply to manhole covers
which have a bottom plate of steel, cast steel, flake
graphite iron or spheroided graphite iron.
7 Design requirements
7.1 General
Gully tops and manhole tops shall be free of defects
which might impair their fitness for use.
Where there is no detailed specification shown in
this standard for any particular requirement, the
manufacturer shall state such specification in his
documentation.
When metal is used in combination with concrete or
any other material, there shall be adequate bond
between the two materials.
7.2 Vents in covers for manhole tops
Manhole tops may be designed with or without
vents.
For manhole tops with vents the minimum vent
area shall be as given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Minimum vent area
Steel thickness
mm
Minimum coating
thickness
µm
Minimum coating
mass
g/m2
³ 2,75 to < 5 50 350
³ 5 65 450
Flake graphite cast
iron
ISO 185 1988
Spheroidal graphite
cast iron
ISO 1083 1987
Rolled steel ISO 630 1980
Cast steel ISO 3755 1991
Hot dip galvanizing ISO 1459 1973
ISO 1460 1992
ISO 1461 1973
Tolerances for cast
iron
ISO 8062 1984
Reinforcing steel Euronorm 80 1985.03
Euronorm 81 1969.03
Euronorm 82 1979.02
Clear opening Minimum vent area
£ 600 mm 5 % of the area of a circle having a
diameter equal to the clear
opening
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124:1994
10 © BSI 11-1998
Vents in the covers for manhole tops shall have the
following dimensions:
a) slots:
b) holes:
For manhole tops with vents, dirt pans may be
required.
NOTE The purchaser or specifying authority should state on
the enquiry or on the order to the manufacturer, if manhole tops
are required to have vents and if dirt pans are required.
7.3 Clear openings of manhole tops for man
entry
The opening of manhole tops designed for man entry
shall comply with the safety requirements in force
at the place of installation. Generally this is
considered to be at least 600 mm diameter.
7.4 Depth of insertion
Gully tops and manhole tops of classes D 400, E 600
and F 900 shall have a depth of insertion A
(see clause 3, No. 12) of at least 50 mm.
This requirement does not apply if the covers or
gratings are made secure in their position against
displacement by traffic by a locking device but such
devices are not included in this standard.
7.5 Total clearance
The clearance between the different parts of gully
tops and manhole tops is defined in clause 3, No. 13.
The dimension b shall be equal to or less than
dimensional a1 (see clause 3, Figure 2).
This clearance may lead to horizontal displacement
of the cover or grating in its frame. In order to limit
this displacement, the total clearance a shall comply
with the following requirements:
— for covers or gratings in one or two parts;
clear opening £ 400 mm a £ 7 mm
clear opening > 400 mm a £ 9 mm
— for covers or gratings with three or more parts,
the total clearance a resulting from the
displacement of all parts shall not exceed 15 mm,
with each individual clearance limited to a
maximum of 5 mm.
7.6 Seatings
The manufacture of gully tops and manhole tops
shall be such as to ensure the compatibility of their
seatings. For classes D 400 to F 900 these seatings
shall be manufactured in such a way as to ensure
stability and quietness in use. This may be achieved
by machining of the contact surfaces, use of
cushioning inserts, three-point suspension design or
any other appropriate method.
7.7 Edge and contact surfaces protection for
manhole tops of steel reinforced concrete
For manhole tops of classes A 15 to D 400 of steel
reinforced concrete, edges and contact surfaces
between frame and cover shall be protected with
cast iron or hot-dip galvanized steel. The minimum
thickness of flake graphite iron, spheroidal graphite
iron or steel is stated in Table 3.
Table 3 — Thickness of edge and contact
surface protection
7.8 Securing of the cover/grating within the
frame
The cover/grating shall be secure within its frame to
meet the required traffic conditions relevant to the
place of installation defined in clause 5.
This may be achieved by one of the following
arrangements:
a) a locking device;
b) a sufficient mass per unit area;
c) a specific design feature.
These arrangements shall be designed so as to allow
opening of the covers or gratings by means of usual
tools.
NOTE Constructional types which are usual in the different
countries remain valid until harmonization of the arrangements
mentioned in a) to c).
7.9 Slot dimensions
The dimensions of slots in gratings shall be selected
having regard to the hydraulic capacity and the
slots shall be evenly distributed over the clear area.
The water way area shall not be less than 30 % of
the clear area and shall be given in the
manufacturer’s catalogue.
length £ 170 mm
width 18 mm to 25 mm for classes A 15
and B 125
width 18 mm to 32 mm for classes
C 250 to F 900
18 mm to 38 mm diameter for
classes A 15 and B 125
30 mm to 38 mm diameter for
classes C 250 to F 900
Class Minimum thickness of the cast iron or the
steel protectiona
mm
A 15 2
B 125 3
C 250 5
D 400 6
E 600 To be determined according to each
F 900 design
a
Without the thickness of the additional corrosion protection.
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7.9.1 Straight slots
7.9.1.1 Classes A 15 and B 125
The slots of gratings for classes A 15 and B 125 shall
have the dimensions stated in Table 4.
Table 4 — Dimensions for classes A 15 and
B 125
7.9.1.2 Classes C 250 to F 900
The dimensions of slots for classes C 250 to F 900
shall be dependent on the orientation of the
longitudinal axis of the slots in relation to the
direction of traffic, in accordance with Table 5
and Figure 10.
7.9.2 Slots other than straight
Slots other than straight shall be designed in such a
way as to prevent a 170 × 170 × 20 mm gauge from
entering the slot.
7.10 Dirt pans and dirt buckets
Where dirt pans or dirt buckets are used it shall be
ensured that drainage and ventilation can continue
with the dirt pan or bucket filled.
NOTE The purchaser or specifying authority should state on
the enquiry or on the order to the manufacturer, whether or not
dirt pans or dirt buckets are required.
7.11 Positioning of covers and gratings
Where the cover or grating has to be in a
predetermined position relative to the frame, this is
to be ensured by an appropriate design.
7.12 Surface condition
The upper surface of gratings, covers and frames of
classes D 400 to F 900 shall be flat within a
tolerance of 1 % of the clear opening with a
maximum of 6 mm. An exception to this
requirement is permitted in the case of D 400, which
may have a concave surface if they are installed in
parking areas as described in clause 5, group 4.
New solid cast iron and cast steel upper surface(s) of
manhole tops shall have a raised pattern.
Height of raised pattern:
7.13 Loosening and opening of covers and
gratings
Provision shall be made for the effective loosening
and for the opening of the covers and gratings; such
provisions are not included in this standard.
Table 5 — Dimensions for classes C 250 to F 900
Width
mm
Length
mm
8 to 18 No limitation
> 18 to 25 £ 170
NOTE In pedestrian areas, the slot may be reduced to 5 mm
at the specifier’s discretion.
Figure 10 — Orientation of slots
— for class A 15, B 125
and C 250:
2 to 6 mm
— for class D 400, E 600
and F 900:
3 to 8 mm
Surface area of raised pattern:
— the surface area of the raised pattern shall not
be less than 10 % and no more than 70 % of the
total upper surface area.
Orientation Class
mm
Width
mm
Length
mm
No. 1 From 0° to < 45° and
from > 135° to 180°
All classes 16 to 32 £ 170
No. 2 From 45°to 135° C 250 16 to 42 No limitation
D 400 to F 900 20 to 42 No limitation
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7.14 Sealed manhole tops
In certain circumstances, some manhole tops should
be sealed. The sealing design depends upon the
pressure underneath the cover and the
requirements in that specific situation. These
requirements may include odourtightness,
gastightness or water pressure tightness.
NOTE The design of this sealing feature is not included in this
standard and the types which are used in different countries
remain valid until harmonization.
7.15 Frame bearing area
The bearing area shall be designed in such a way
that:
a) the bearing pressure in relation to the test load
shall not exceed 7,5 N/mm2; and
b) it provides an adequate contribution to
stability under working conditions.
7.16 Frame depth
The depth of the complete frame of manhole or gully
tops of class D 400, E 600 and F 900 shall be at
least 100 mm, except the metal part for class D 400
which may be reduced to 75 mm provided that:
a) the frame shall be cast into a concrete collar of
strength at least B 45 in such a way as to achieve
a bond between the frame and the concrete; or
b) the frame is provided and fixed with anchoring
devices.
NOTE Pending the publication of a CEN code on the
installation of manhole tops or gully tops, the specifier may
require a frame deeper than 100 mm, appropriate to the
particular traffic flow characteristics of the method of
installation (see clause 11).
7.17 Opening angle of hinged covers/gratings
The opening angle of hinged covers or gratings shall
be at least 100° to the horizontal unless otherwise
specified.
Where hinged covers or gratings have a radially
profiled edge on the hinged side, it shall be profiled
so that the gauge of 170 × 170 × 20 mm, detailed
in Figure 11, is prevented from entering the gap
between the adjacent frame and the curved edge of
the cover or grating by more than 13 mm of
its 170 mm depth, the gauge being vertical with its
length parallel to the profiled edge.
7.18 Recessed covers (filled covers)
In the case of recessed covers, the manufacturer
shall provide all necessary specifications for filling,
unless the filling is carried out at the
manufacturer’s plant.
The surface texture of such filled covers shall be
appropriate to the place of installation.
8 Testing
Gully tops and manhole tops shall be tested as
complete units in their condition of service except
for recessed covers delivered unfilled, which shall be
load tested without filling.
Compliance with the loading requirements for the
appropriate class (see clause 4) shall be determined
by a loading test (see Table 6).
Additional tests may be required for gully tops and
manhole tops made of other materials not listed in
clause 6.
Where there is no detailed test method for the
verification of any requirement in this standard, the
manufacturer shall state in his documents how such
verification is achieved (see 7.1, 2nd paragraph).
8.1 Test loads
For gully tops and manhole tops with a clear
opening (CO) equal to or greater than 250 mm, the
test load is shown in Table 6 for each class. Where
the clear opening (CO) is less than 250 mm, the test
load shall be that shown in Table 6, multiplied by
CO/250.
Figure 11 — Gauge
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Table 6 — Test loads
8.2 Testing apparatus
8.2.1 Testing machine
The testing machine, preferably a hydraulic test
press, shall be capable of applying a load at
least 25 % greater than the respective test load for
classes A 15 to D 400, and at least 10 % greater than
the respective test load for classes E 600 and F 900.
A tolerance of ± 3 % of the test load shall be
maintained.
Except for multiple units, the dimensions of the bed
of the testing machine shall be greater than the
bearing area of the unit to be tested.
8.2.2 Test blocks
The dimensions and shapes of test blocks are shown
in Table 7.
8.2.3 Preparation for the test
The test block shall be placed on the unit with its
vertical axis perpendicular to the surface and
coincidental with the geometric centre of the cover
or the grating (examples, see Figure 12). In the case
of double triangular covers or gratings, the test
block shall be positioned in the geometric centre, as
shown in Figure 12. The cover or grating shall rest
normally in the frame.
The test load shall be uniformly distributed over the
whole surface of the test block and any irregularities
compensated for by means of an appropriate
intermediate layer, e.g. softwood, fibre board, felt or
similar material positioned between the cover or the
grating and the test block. The dimensions of this
intermediate layer shall be not larger than those of
the test block. A similar intermediate layer, at the
manufacturer’s option, may also be positioned
between the bed of the testing machine and the
bearing area.
When testing gully tops or manhole tops with a
non-flat surface the contact face of the test block
shall be shaped to match the grating or cover.
Patterns as defined in 7.12 and small deviations
from a flat surface do not require a shaped contact
face of the test block.
8.2.4 Type testing
Three test specimens shall be tested, to prove that
they meet the appropriate requirements, before the
manufacturer applies for third party certification.
Each specimen shall comply with all the
requirements of clauses 6, 7, 8 and 9.
This procedure shall also apply if the design is
structurally subsequently amended. All subsequent
amendments whether structural or not must have
the approval of the certification body.
8.3 Testing procedure
All gully tops and manhole tops shall be submitted
to the following tests:
— measurement of the permanent set of the cover
or grating after the application of
2/3 of the test
load (subclause 8.3.1);
— application of the test load (subclause 8.3.2).
8.3.1 Measurement of permanent set of the
cover or grating after the application of
2/3 of
the test load
Before the load is applied, take an initial reading at
the geometric centre of the cover or grating.
The load shall be applied at a rate of 1 kN/s
to5 kN/s up to
2/3 of the test load; the load on the
test specimen is then released. This procedure shall
be carried out five times. Then take a final reading
at the geometric centre.
The permanent set shall then be determined as the
difference of the measured readings before the first
and after the fifth loading. The permanent set shall
not exceed the values given in Table 8.
In the case of double triangular covers or gratings,
the permanent set shall be measured on both parts,
as close as possible to the geometric centre
(see 8.2.3, Figure 12).
Class Test load
kN
A 15 15
B 125 125
C 250 250
D 400 400
E 600 600
F 900 900
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Table 7 — Dimensions of test blocks
Shape and clear opening of the gully tops or the manhole tops
mm
Dimensions of the test blocks
mm
300 < CO £ 1 000
200 £ CO £ 300
200 £ CO £ 300
CO < 200
CO < 200
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© BSI 11-1998 15
Table 8 — Permissible permanent set
For test specimens of steel reinforced concrete, no
cracks wider than 0,2 mm shall appear in the
concrete after this test. Crack widths shall be
measured by the insertion of feeler gauges or other
appropriate means.
8.3.2 Application of the test load
Immediately after the test according to 8.3.1, the
test load shall be applied at the same rate given
in 8.3.1, until it is achieved. The test load to be
maintained for s. Units made of materials
a) to e) of clause 6 shall not show cracks in the
course of the test. In the case of steel reinforced
concrete covers there shall be no loss of adhesion
between the concrete and the reinforcing steel.
8.4 Measurement control
8.4.1 General inspection (see 7.1)
All products shall be visually inspected for defects.
8.4.2 Vents (see 7.2)
Vent slots and holes shall be measured to an
accuracy of 1 mm. The vent area shall be calculated
to the nearest 100 mm2.
8.4.3 Clear opening (see 7.3)
The dimensions of the clear opening (circular,
rectangular or triangular) shall be measured in
millimetres.
8.4.4 Depth of insertion (see 7.4)
For classes D 400 to F 900 the depth of insertion (A)
shall be measured in millimetres.
8.4.5 Total clearance (see 7.5)
The clearances between covers or gratings and
frames shall be measured to an accuracy of 0,5 mm
and the total clearance (a) shall be calculated.
8.4.6 Seatings (see 7.6)
The compatibility of the seatings to ensure stability
of the cover or grating within its frame shall be
inspected to the specification of the manufacturer.
8.4.7 Edge protection (see 6.1.1 and 7.7)
The thickness of the uncoated iron or steel edge
protection to steel reinforced concrete manhole tops
shall be measured to an accuracy of 0,1 mm. The
thickness of the hot dip galvanizing shall be
measured to accuracy of 5 µm.
8.4.8 Securing of the cover and/or grating
within its frame (see 7.8)
a) If securing is achieved by mass per unit area
(see 7.8 b)) the cover and/or grating shall be
weighed to an accuracy of 1 % and the clear area
calculated to an accuracy of 100 mm2.
b) If securing is achieved by a locking device or a
specific design feature (see 7.8 a) or 7.8 c)) the
relevant arrangements shall be visually
inspected, and measured if applicable.
8.4.9 Slot dimensions (see 7.9)
The even distribution of the slots over the clear area
shall be visually inspected. The slots shall be
measured to an accuracy of 1 mm and the waterway
surface area calculated to an accuracy of 100 mm2.
8.4.9.1 Straight slots (see 7.9.1.1 and 7.9.1.2)
The dimensions of straight slots shall be measured
to an accuracy of 1 mm.
8.4.9.2 Slots other than straight (see 7.9.2)
The dimensions of slots other than straight shall be
controlled by a gauge of 170 × 170 × 20 mm.
Figure 12 — Test blocks and geometric centres
Class Permissible permanent set
A 15 and B 125
COa
C 250 up to
F 900 COb
When secured
according to
7.8 a) or 7.8 c)
COc
When secured
according to
7.8 b)
a
when CO < 450 mm.
b
1 mm max. when CO < 300 mm.
c
1 mm max. when CO < 500 mm.
1
100
--------- - -
1
300
--------- - -
1
500
--------- - -
CO
50
------- - -
30 0
2 +
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8.4.10 Dirt buckets, dirt pans (see 7.10)
The dirt bucket/pan shall be filled with sand before
it is visually inspected to ensure that both drainage
and ventilation is still possible.
8.4.11 Positioning (see 7.11)
If an indelible mark or register is necessary to
ensure a predetermined position to the cover and/or
grating within the frame, this mark or register shall
be visually inspected.
8.4.12 Surface condition (see 7.12)
The flatness shall be measured to an accuracy
of 0,5 mm. The height of the raised pattern shall be
measured to an accuracy of 0,5 mm. The total raised
area of the cover and frame shall be determined
either by reference to the drawing and subsequently
controlled by visual inspection, or by measuring the
dimensions of the upper surface of the raised
pattern to an accuracy of 1 mm. The percentage
ratio of the raised surface to the total area shall be
calculated.
8.4.13 Loosening and opening of covers and
gratings (see 7.13)
The loosening and opening facilities of covers and
gratings shall be tested physically.
8.4.14 Frame depth (see 7.16)
The depth of the complete frame shall be measured
to an accuracy of 1 mm.
8.4.15 Opening angle (see 7.17)
The opening angle shall be measured to an accuracy
of 5°. When a hinged cover or grating has a radially
profiled edge the profile shall be controlled by a
gauge of 170 × 170 × 20 mm and the depth of entry
shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm.
8.4.16 Permanent set (see 8.3.1)
The permanent set shall be measured to an accuracy
of 0,1 mm.
9 Marking
All covers, gratings and frames shall bear:
a) EN 124 (as the marking of this European
Standard);
b) the appropriate class (e.g. D 400) or classes for
frames which can be used for several classes
(e.g.D 400-E 600);
c) the name and/or identification mark of the
manufacturer and the place of manufacture
which may be in code;
d) the mark of a certification body;
and may bear:
e) additional markings relating to the application
or the owner;
f) product identification (name and/or catalogue
number).
The above mentioned markings shall be clear and
durable. They shall, where possible, be visible after
the unit is installed.
10 Quality control
10.1 General
Products manufactured to this standard shall be
subjected to quality control procedures as follows:
a) quality control undertaken by the
manufacturer (see 10.2);
b) inspection undertaken by an independent
certification body (third party, see 10.3). For a
new production unit, this inspection shall be
undertaken, at the request of the manufacturer,
within a 12 month period of its commissioning.
10.2 Quality control carried out by the
manufacturer
The purpose of quality control is to ensure that the
production of gully tops and manhole tops conforms
to the technical requirements of this standard.
The facilities necessary for quality assurance shall
include the test equipment for control based on the
requirement of this standard.
The manufacturer’s quality control documentation
shall include details of all steps of production from
the arrival of the raw materials through to the final
product leaving the factory.
10.2.1 Factories certified to EN 29002
Quality control carried out by the manufacturer
shall ensure compliance of the products.
10.2.2 Factories not certified to EN 29002
Annex A shall be the minimum prerequisite to the
products certification. The manufacturer’s quality
control documentation shall be retained so that it is
available for inspection by the third party inspector
for 1 or 5 years as shown in Table A.1 to Table A.6
of annex A.
10.3 Third party control
The purpose of the third party control is:
— to ensure that the quality level of the product
is continuously maintained according to the
requirements of this standard, and;
— to give independent certification to the
products.
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10.3.1 Procedure of the third party control
10.3.1.1 Factories certified to EN 29002
The procedure for third party control shall consist
of:
— controlling the validity of the licence granted
to the manufacturer for compliance of his Quality
Assurance System with EN 29002;
— verifying that the results of the controls made
by the manufacturer are in compliance with the
requirements of this standard;
— independent testing of the finished products.
The inspection of the third party control shall be
undertaken without previous announcement at
least twice a year, at regular intervals.
10.3.1.2 Factories not certified to EN 29002
Factories not certified to EN 29002 shall meet the
requirements of annex A. The inspection of the third
party control shall be undertaken without previous
announcement, at least six times a year at regular
intervals.
The procedure for third party control shall consist
of:
— assessing the adequacy of the staff and
equipment for continuous and orderly
manufacture;
— verifying that type testing has been
satisfactorily carried out in accordance with the
requirements of this standard (see 8.2.4);
— verifying that quality control is independent of
production; and
— independent testing of finished products.
The inspection may be reduced to four times a year
provided that the independent certification body is
satisfied that:
— the manufacturer’s internal quality control
system is adequate;
— the controls have been continuously carried
out in a proper and effective way for three years;
and
— the results are in compliance with the
requirements of this EN.
This reduced frequency may remain valid for as long
as no defective products are detected.
The third party shall ensure that the
manufacturer’s control and tests have been carried
out in compliance with this standard, and that the
results obtained have also met its requirements
(see annex A).
The main aspects of third party verification are
given in Table 9.
10.3.2 Report by the third party
The results of the third party control shall be given
in a written report. The manufacturer shall sign
this report. If the manufacturer does not agree with
this report, he will discuss it with the Inspector. If
no agreement can be reached, the manufacturer will
sign the report and state his reservations thereon.
This report shall also contain at least the following
items:
— the name of the manufacturer;
— the name and location of the factory;
— date, location and the signature of the
manufacturer;
— the Quality Inspector’s signature.
It shall further contain:
a) for factories certified to EN 29002, a statement
regarding
— the validity of the certificate covering the
quality system, and
— conformity of these products
b) for factories not certified to EN 29002, a
statement regarding the results of the insection
in terms of:
— staff
— equipment
— conformity of the products
— Internal Quality Control
Within 3 weeks of the inspection, the official report
shall be sent to the manufacturer by the
independent third party control body.
10.3.3 Nonconforming units
If, during the third party inspection, a unit fails, 3
more units of the same type shall be tested. If one of
these 3 fails the production related to the failure(s)
shall be excluded from delivery, pending the
outcome of further inspection. Within a period of 4
weeks or within a period to be agreed, the
manufacturer shall be reassessed with respect to
the nonconforming product, 6 of these products
being tested. After the satisfactory testing of these 6
complete units, delivery may recommence.
11 Installation
Installation should be carried out in accordance
with the relevant Code of Practice. Until such
European Codes of Practice exist the National Code
of Practice or the manufacturer’s guide should be
used.
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Table 9 — Third party control
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection Documentation
Receiving inspection Table A.1 and Table A.5 Every visit In
writing
Process control Table A.2, Table A.4
and Table A.5
Every visit In writing
Final inspection and testing
of products
Table A.3 Every visit In writing
— manhole tops Clause 8 3 different complete types per
visit
In writing
— gully tops Clause 8 3 different complete types per
visit
In writing
Inspection, measuring and
test equipment
Table A.6 Every visit In writing
Handling, storage, packaging
and delivery
Table A.6 Every visit In writing
Control of nonconforming
product
Table A.6 Every visit In writing
Quality records Visual Every visit In writing
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© BSI 11-1998 19
Annex A (normative)
Scheme of internal quality control
Table A.1 — Receiving inspection and testing
Field of application: Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular
and pedestrian areas: EN 124
Manufacturer: name: (IRONWORKS LIMITED)
place: (FURNACE TOWN)
telephone no: (123456)
telex no: (7890)
fax no: (654 321)
Certificate no: (34567)
Date of issue of certificate: (..............................)
List of certified products: (see separate page[s])
Document ref. no.: (A B C):
Date of document issue: (1989-01-01) Annexes: (× 1)
Revised on: (1990-05-08) (1991-11-12) (1992-12-03) (1993-08-12)
Quality Control Manager: Mr Jan Ironheart
Date: (1994-01-02) Location of signatory (Brussels)
Signature of Manufacturer:
(Mr S C R A P Cover)
Flake graphite cast iron (see 6.1 a) and 6.1 g))
Spheroidal graphite cast iron (see 6.1 b) and 6.1 h))
Cast steel (see 6.1 c) and 6.1 i))
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection
Document
retention period
Raw material storage area Visually Regularly —
Iron ore Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
Pig iron Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
Scrap iron/steel (3rd party) Cert suppliera Every delivery 1
year
Scrap returns (1st party) IQCb Every delivery 1 year
Additives Refer to the order Every delivery 1 year
Energy for melting:
— Electricity — — —
— Gas Cert suppliera Regularly/when
changed
1 year
— Coke Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
Sand for moulds/cores Cert suppliera and sieve
analysis
Regularly 1 year
Cushioning inserts Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
Elastomere for cushioning
inserts
Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
Sealing material Cert suppliera Every delivery 1 year
a
Certificate of the supplier:
— deliveries from suppliers having a certified quality insurance
system shall be subject to random control;
— deliveries from suppliers having no certified quality
insurance system shall be subject to a systematic control for
each delivery.
b
IQC — Internal Quality Control.
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Table A.2 — Process control
Flake graphite cast iron (see 6.1 a) and 6.1 g))
Spheroidal graphite cast iron (see 6.1 b) and 6.1 h))
Cast steel (see 6.1 c) and 6.1 i))
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection
Document retention
period
Moulding sand characteristics Lab. Once a shift 1 year
Ductile iron additives Weigh/measure Each treatment
ladle
1 year
Temp of melt in the casting
ladle/furnace
Visual/pyrometer Frequently 1 year
Composition of metal/analysis
— casting ladle Lab. Each treatment or
each furnace or each
ladle
5 years
— continuous casting Lab. Once/3 tonnes 5 years
Mould control Visually Regularly —
Casting operation Visually Regularly —
Standing time of each pouring
ladle
Visually Each cast —
Mechanical properties
— tensile strength 6.2 6.2 5 years
— elongation % 6.2 6.2 5 years
— nodularity 6.2 6.2 5 years
— other materials 6.2 As per materials
standard
5 years
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Table A.3 — Final inspection and testing of products
Table A.4 — Rolled steel
Clause no. Aspect of inspection Method of
inspection
Frequency of inspection Document
retention period
7.1 General Visual Every part —
7.2 Ventsa Visual Every cover —
Vents dimensionb Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.3 Clear opening Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.4 Depth of insertion Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.5 Total clearance Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.6 Seatings Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.6 Cushioning insertsb Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.7 Edge protection Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.8 Securing
a) locking Lab. Type testing 5 years
b) mass Weigh 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
c) design feature Measure Type testing 5 years
7.9 Slot dimension Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.10 Dirt bucket/panb Visual 1 : 5 000 min.
a —
7.11 Positioning Visual Every unit —
7.12 Surface condition Measure Type testing 5 years
7.13 Loosening and removal Lab. Type testing 5 years
7.14 Sealed manhole topsb Lab. (seal mat) Type testing 5 years
7.15 Frame bearing area Measure Type testing 5 years
7.16 Frame depth Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
7.17 Opening angle Measure 1 : 5 000 min.
a 5 years
8.1 Test load 8.1 to 8.3 1 : 5 000 min. but at least
once every 6 months
5 years
9 Marking Visual Every part —
a
At least once every two months.
b
If applicable.
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection
Document retention
period
Receiving inspection and testing of
materials and consumables
Table A.1
Process control Table A.2
Final inspection and testing of products Table A.3
— Welding of rolled steel
b
— Corrosion protection 6.1 Measure Once/hour or CSa 1 year
Inspection, measuring and test equipment Table A.6
Handling, storage, packaging and delivery Table A.6
Control of nonconforming product Table A.6
a
See Table A.1.
b
In the absence of a European Standard, the national standard(s)
will apply. If the country of the user has no national standard
for
the welding of rolled steel, the national standard of the
manufacturer’s country will be applicable.
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Table A.5 — Reinforced concrete (see 6.1 f))
Table A.6 — Inspection, measuring and test equipment Handling,
storage, packaging and
delivery Control of nonconforming product
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection
Document retention period
Receiving inspection and testing
— rolled steel ISO 630-1980 — —
— cast steel ISO 3755-1976 — —
— steel bars for reinforced
concrete
CSb Every delivery Certificate (ref:
Euronorm 80)
— ready mix concrete CSb Every delivery Certificate
— plant mix concrete IQCc
IQCc
IQCc
Process control Manufacturer’s
procedure
Regularly 5 years
Compressive strength
— ready mix concrete 6.2 Every delivery 5 years
— plant mix concrete 6.2 IQCc
IQCc
Final inspection and testing of
products
— edge protection (7.7) Table A.3 Table A.3 Table A.3
— manhole tops of reinforced
concrete
8 1 : 5 000a 5 years
Inspection, measuring and test
equipment
Table A.6 Table A.6 Table A.6
Handling, storage, packaging and
delivery
Table A.6 Table A.6 Table A.6
Control of nonconforming product Table A.6 Table A.6 Table A.6
a
At least once every two months.
b
See Table A.1.
c
See Table A.1.
Aspect of inspection Method of inspection Frequency of
inspection
Document retention
period
Inspection, measuring and test
equipment
— Tensile load testing machine Certificatea Once a year 5 years
— Compression load testing
machine
Certificatea Once a year 5 years
— Other measuring equipment Certificateb Once every 6
months
5 years
Handling, storage, packaging and
delivery
Visually Regularly —
Control of nonconforming product
— Segregation According to
manufacturer’s
approved documents
— 5 years
— Rejection
— Reworking/retesting
a
This shall be done by an authorized institute.
b
Can be carried out by the manufacturer, using calibrated gauges.
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Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:42:24
GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 124:1994
© BSI 11-1998
National annex NA (informative)
Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this
European Standard was entrusted by the
Technical Committee B/505, Waste Water Engineering, to
Subcommittee B/505/4, Manhole Covers,
Surface Boxes and other Road Fittings, upon which the following
bodies were represented:
Association of London Borough Engineers and Surveyors
British Foundry Association
British Plastics Federation
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Clay Pipe Development Association Limited
County Surveyor’s Society
Department of the Environment
Department of Transport
Ductile Iron Pipe Committee
Galavanizers’ Association
Institute of British Foundrymen
Institute of Building Control
Institution of Water and Environmental Management
Institution of Works and Highways Management
METCOM
National Clayware Federation
Society of British Water Industries
Water Companies Association
Water Services Association of England and Wales
Co-opted members
National annex NB (informative)
Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
EN 29002:19871)
BS 5750 Quality systems
Part 2:1987 Specification for production and installation
ISO 8062:1984 BS 6615:1985 Specification for dimensional
tolerances for metal and metal alloy
castings
1)
EN 29002:1987 has been superseded by EN ISO 9002:1994, which is
identical with BS EN ISO 9002:1994.
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BS_EN_124-1994_车辆和行人通过区域的排水沟盖和人孔盖.设计要求、型号试验、标志
质检
欧洲标准技术委员会成立于1973年，起初只关注总的排水设备。随着其任务的需要，此标准包含的范围宽泛起来，委员会的工作分成两部分，1、建筑内排水设备，2、建筑外排水设备。后来，1980年，两个独立的技术委员会成立，建筑内排水设备（系统，设计要求,协调）。
1989年，因为EEC的职权范围草案和寻求新的方法，两个委员会有重新合并！
现在委员会的号码为CEN/TC165。
首版EN124出版于1986，委员会取消某些要求以后审议，还有其他的一些要求的留置，井盖和井篦子安装在合适的位置时等级的选择，在那个时候并没有给出明确的规定。
在1988年决定对CEN/TC的标准进行重新修订包括证书的主题。
目录
前言
1 范围
2 规范的参考
3 定义
4 等级
5 安装位置
6 材料
6.1 总结
6.1.1 沙井盖和沟壑盖
6.1.2 篦子
6.13 其他材料
6.14 井盖填料
6.2 产品，质量以及测验样式要求
7 设计要求
7.1 总结
7.2 井盖的通风口
7.3 井盖的净开口
7.4 插入厚度
7.5 总得净开口
7.6 垫
7.7 增强性钢制井盖的边缘和接触面积的防护
7.8 带框子的井盖和篦子
7.9 槽的长、宽、高
7.91 直槽
7.911 等级为A15和B125井盖
7.912 等级为C250--F900
7.92 非直槽
7.10 抽水马桶和污水桶
7.11 井盖和篦子的安装位置
7.12 表面状况
7.13 井盖恶化篦子的松弛和打开
7.14 密封的井盖
7.15 框子的承受面积
7.16 框子厚度
7.17 有铰链的井盖和篦子的开口
7.18 壁凹经井盖
8 测验
8.1 测压
8.2 测试装置
8.21 测验机器
8.22 测试块
8.23 测试准备
8.24 测试类型
8.3 测试程序
8.31 施压2/3之后井盖和篦子的耐久度的衡量
8.32 测压的应用
8.4 尺寸控制
8.41 总的检查
8.42 通风口
8.43 净开口
8.44 插入的厚度
8.45 总的净开口
8.46 垫子
8.47 保护的边缘
8.48 带有框子的井盖和井篦子的牢固性
8.49 槽的长宽高
8.491 直槽
8.492 非直槽
8.410 抽水马桶和污水桶
8.411 安装位置
8.412 表面状况
8.413 井盖的松动度和开口
8.414 框子的厚度
8.415 开口的棱角
8.416 永久设置
9 市场
10 质量控制
10.1 总结
10.2质检由生产厂家控制
10.21 EN29002对工厂的认证
10.22 EN29002不能对工厂的认证
10.3 第三方的控制
10.311 EN29002对工厂的认证
10.312 EN29002不能对工厂的认证
10.32 第三方的报告
10.33 没有核准的单元
11 安装
1 范围
此标准应用于排水沟盖和人孔盖的净开口在1000MM,关于其安装的范围主要取决于人行道和车量运载的交通。此标准不适用于箱子表面也不适用于地板和建筑物房顶的盖子
这些在EN1253上有明确的规定。
此标准的目的是确定人孔井盖恶化污水井盖的定义，等级，材料，设计，以及测试要求，标志以及质检。
2 规范的参考
欧洲标准吸收了有时间记载和无时间记载的参考，还有其他一些版本的条款,这些规范的参考在本文献中合适地方有引用今后其版本将被列出。有时间参考的，随后的修改和修订适用于欧洲标准，关于没有时间参考的最新版本关系到其应用。
等级
ISO 185:1988, 灰口铸铁
ISO 1083：1987 球墨铸铁
ISO 630：1980 结构钢
ISO 3755：1991 一般工程的铸铁碳钢
ISO 1459：1973 金属涂层 通过热浸镀锌防锈
ISO 1460：1992 金属涂层 有色金属材料上的热浸涂层
ISO 1461：1973 金属涂层 金属制品业有色金属的热浸电镀
ISO 8062：1984 铸铁 系统的尺寸公差
3 定义
1沟渠 地表水的集合进入此排入的排水系统
2 检修孔 地下系统的特殊房子和通风管道的入口
3 排水沟盖 沟壑排水系统的一部分，有框子，篦子和井盖组成，安装在沟壑顶端
4 沙井盖（人孔盖 ） 井盖的一部分由框子，篦子和盖子组成
5 框子 沟壑盖和沙井盖的固定一部分，支撑井盖和篦子
6 篦子 沟壑井盖和沙井盖的可移动部分，水通过它进入井盖
7 盖子 沟壑井盖和沙井盖的可移动部分，覆盖着井盖的开口处
8 通风口 井盖中盖子上的开口
9 污物桶 沟壑盖子的可移动部分用来搜集散落的碎片。
10 土池 沙井盖的可移动部分用来搜集散落的碎片
11 垫子 在篦子的表面或者在框子和井盖之间
4 等级
沟壑井盖和沙井井盖被分成以下等级
A15 B125
C250 D400 E600 F 900
标注 一旦这些标准在将来有所修订A15--A30将会被重新考虑
5安装地方
用来使用的沟壑井盖和沙井盖，想选择合适的等级取决于其安装的位置，安装在不同的位置已分为六组，如下所列，图示9a和图示9b展示的是在高速公路上相同的地点。关于沟壑井盖和沙井盖的等级的向导，在每组后面的原括号里，合适等级的选择是设计师的责任。如有问题，更大的压力等级可以选择
Group 1 ( 最小的承压为A
15)
此面积用来行人和脚踏车的自行车。
Group 2(最小承压为B125)
人行道，人行区域和于此相当的区域，停车场或者汽车停车甲板
Grope 3(最小承压为C
250)
沟壑井盖安装在马路边（图示9a）从侧石边缘量起，伸展到马路最大为0.5厘米，在人行道上的最大为0.2厘米。
Group 4(最小承压为D400)
轻道（包括人行街）路兼（图示9b）和停车区域路上的各种交通工具
Group 5（最小承压为E600）
用于高轮压力，像码头，飞机跑道
Grope6(承压为900)
机场跑道
6 材料
6.1 总结
6.11沙井盖和沟壑井盖
无例外的话 沙井盖和沟壑井盖都由下列材料制造
A) 鳞片石墨铸铁
B) 球墨铸铁
C) 铸钢
D) 卷钢
E) A到d 的任一种材料与混凝土结合
F) 钢筋混凝土
只要可以确保抗腐蚀，卷钢的使用也是可允许的。在干净的表面进行镀锌，其厚度大于或等于表1所给出的厚度，抗绣应该是没问题的。卷钢的最小厚度为2.75（除接触面积和边缘的保护，依照7.7）
表1 卷钢的镀锌外层
|
钢厚度 毫米 |
外层最小厚度 微米 |
外层最大厚度  |
|
≥2.75<5 |
50 |
350 |
|
≥5 |
65 |
450 |
6.12 篦子
篦子应由下列的材料制成
a) 鳞片石墨铸铁
b)球墨铸铁
c)铸钢
6.13 其他材料
关于其他的用在此领域的任何材料的应用标准，以及此种规格的所有要求达到并通过独立单位的通过，从而建立其他相关的要求和测验方法。
6.14 井盖填料
井盖的填料应该由混凝土或者安装在合适位置的材料
6.2 产品，质量和测验
产品的质量测验的标准都应符合下列的ISO标准和欧洲标准
鳞片石墨铸铁
ISO185 1988
球墨铸铁
ISO1083 1987
卷钢
ISO 630 1980
铸钢
ISO3755 1991
热浸镀锌
ISO1459 1973
ISO1460 1992
ISO1461 1973
铸铁的承受力 ISO8062
1984
强化钢 欧洲标准80
1985.03
欧洲标准81
1969.03
欧洲标准82
1979.02
对于B125--F900混凝土的最小加压力在28天内，应该承受45千牛每平方的150毫米的测试管。或者是直径为150mm,高为300mm的圆柱体，承压为40千牛每平方，对于等级为A15的井盖，承压最小为25千牛每平方。
当强化钢被使用时，混凝土的盖子个边最小厚度为20mm，强化设计以及细节应与相关的欧洲标准一致，这个不应用于井盖，他有一个钢制的底盘，铸钢，鳞片石墨铸铁，球墨铸铁
7 设计要求
7.1 总结
沟壑井盖和人孔井盖没有缺陷，他们可以通过修复重新使用，这一标准的特殊要求没有详细的规定，厂方应在公文中有明述。
当金属与混凝土或者其他材料结合使用时，应充分的注意这两种材料的结合。
7.2 人孔井盖上盖子的通风口
井盖在设计时会有或者没有通风口。
井盖的最小通风口的面积如表二
最小通风口面积
|
净开口 |
最小通风面积 |
|
≤600mm |
5%小圆孔面积的直径等于净开口 |
|
>600mm |
140平方厘米 |
人孔井盖的通风口将会有下列容积
A)狭缝：长孔
长度 ≤170mm
宽度 对于等级为A15,B125的宽度为18毫米至25毫米
宽度 对于等级为C250至F900的宽度为18毫米至32毫米
B)孔 对于等级为A15,B125的直径为18毫米至38毫米
对于等级为C250至F900的直径为30mm和38mm
对于人孔井盖的通风口，土锅有明确的规定
7.3 人孔井盖的净开口是为了人通过
人孔井盖的开口设计是用来供人们通过，在安装时应符合安全要求，总的来讲直径至少为600毫米。
7.4 插入物的厚度
对于等级为D400,E600和F900的人孔井盖和沟壑井盖的插入物，最少为50毫米。如果盖子和篦子在其的位置上安全，因为安装锁装置而不符合此规定的。
7.5 总得净开口
井盖和井篦子的不同部分的净开口在3条款中有明确的规定b的直径小于或等于a1的直径这个净开口将会使盖子和框子的水平排水量，为了限制这种排水量，总的净开口应符合下列要求：
盖子和篦子的一，两部分
关于盖子和篦子的三部分或者更多部分净开口的总的净开口不会超过15毫米，每一个净开口最大限制在5mm
7.6 座
产品应保证他们做的兼容性。对于等级为D400至F900的这些座应在使用时保证稳定性和安静型，这将在表面接触时进行对比垫子插入的使用，三点悬挂设计或者其他合适的方法。
强化钢混合井盖的边缘以及接触面的保护
强化钢混合井盖的边缘以及接触面的保护的保护由铸铁或者电镀保护，鳞片石墨铸铁球墨铸铁，铸钢的厚度列在表三。
表三
|
class |
铸铁厚度或者钢保护的最小厚度 （毫米） |
|
A15
B125
C250
D400 |
2
3
5
6 |
|
E600
F900 |
依据每一个设计决定 |
|
A 没有另加的防锈层的厚度 |
7.8 篦子和盖子在框子里的安全性
盖子和篦子应在其框子里保证其交通条件的要求，以及相关是安装条款依据，条款5
通过下列任一条款对其安全性的实现都很有利。
A) 锁装置
B) 单位面积质量合适
C) 精致的设计特征
这些安排设计，为了保证盖子和篦子的开口可以通过一些平常的的工具促其产生。
备注 在同一的规定之前a到c,,通常情况下不同的国家有不同的结构类型
7.9 槽沟的长宽厚
篦子中槽的长宽厚的选择关系到液压，同时槽应平均分布在干净的面积。水域面积应不小于净面积的30%，如厂家目录所给出的一样
General engineering
7.9.1直槽
7.9.1.1 classA15 和class
B125
承受压力为A15 和B125 的箅子槽的三维在表四中写明
|
宽
mm |
长
mm |
|
8—18
> 18—25 |
没有限制
小于等于170 |
|
备注 在人行到区域里,,槽会减到5毫米 |
7.9.1. 2承受压力在C2
50和F900 千牛之间的要求
关于承受压力在250千牛和F900 千牛之间的槽的三维依据槽的轴纵向,以联系起交通方向
依据表5和图例10
7.9.2 非直槽
非直槽应以这样的方式来设计一个170X170？20mm 的衡量以进入槽内
7.10 土锅和污物桶
其位置的安放应遵属排水和通风
附注 采购者或者具体的权威应在生产者的询盘和定单上明确标出
7.11 井盖和箅子的位置
井盖和箅子应放在遇预定的位置和框子相连，这需要合理的设计。
7.12 表面条件
承压为D400和F900的井盖，井箅子和框子的表面必须平厚度最大不要超过6毫米，净开口最小在1%。关于D400有一个例外，如果安装在停车区域其是凹面，如4组5 条款所述
新的铁铸和钢铸井盖的表面有凸出的模型
|
For class
A15,B125,C250 |
2---6毫米 |
|
For class
D400,E600,F900 |
3----8毫末 |
突出模型的表面应不小于10%同时也不大于70%
7.13 井盖和箅子的松动和打开
有效的松动和打开的规定
7.14 密封的井盖
在某些情况下，一些井盖是需要密封的，密封设计依据井盖在地下的压力 和一些特殊场合的要求，象臭气密压，气密和水密。
附注 此密封的设计不包含在此标准里此型号用在不同的国家使用在统一之前保持成立适用。
7.15框子的承受面积
框子的承受面积的设计应在此种方式
a) 承受压力涉及到测验的装载量不超过7.5千牛每立方米。
b) 它对使用时的稳定性具有很大作用。
7.16 框子的厚度
D400 E600 F900的井盖的整个框子和盖子的厚度最小为100mm,排除D400的金属部分必须降到75mm.
a)框子应铸成一个承受力承压为B45，以使框子和实体达成完美结合
B)框子的固定在台柱子，瞄上
注释 关于安装井盖和井篦子的的版本还悬而未定时，明确要求井盖子的厚度不超过100mm.安装方法应适合具体的交通流动特点
7.17 有铰链的盖子和篦子
开幕角铰接盖或光栅相对于水平面至少为100度，除非有其他具体的规定
铰链盖子和篦子有一个侧面的边缘，它有个明确的标准规格170X170X20mm，细注于图例11
7.18 壁凹井盖
以壁凹井盖为例，生产厂家应提供所有必要的填补说明，除非填补没有在厂商的范围之内。
填补覆盖表面的结构应适合安装的位置
8. 测验
在产品的工作系统中井盖视做完整的单元，壁凹井盖装载测验未填满
适当的等级应与装载一致，，这些由压力测试决定。
其他材料的的井盖和井篦子由其他的测试要求
此标准下的一些要求，没有详细的测试方法证实的，厂商应在文件里写明如何完成此证实。（7.1 第二段）
8.1 测载重量
井篦子和井盖的的净开口应等于或大于250毫米，各个等级的测压在表六中体现。净开口小于250毫米的，在表六中有体现
8.2 测验装置
8.21 测验机器
测验机器的测压范围应至少大于A15_D400范围的25%，，大于E600—F900的10%。液力测压更合适。
复合的单元除外，测验机器的平台应大于每个测试产品的长宽
8.2.2试样，试块
试样的长宽和形状在表7中显示
8.2.3 测试准备
试块应放在特有的相对于地面纵轴垂直的装置上同时与井盖和井篦子的几何中心相垂直。在双层的三角盖子和篦子时，试块应放在几何中心，井盖和篦子正常的放在框子里面。
检验物应均匀的放在检验块上，通过一个合适的中间层来做无规则的填补,软木材，纤维板,毛毡或者类似的材料放在盖子或篦子与测验块的中间，这个中间的隔层不能比那些测验块还大，也可放在测验机器的底板和承受面积之间，中间层由生产厂家选择。
当检测到井盖或井篦子的表面不平整时试块的接触面应与井盖和篦子比较就像在7.12中定义的模型和平整表面的微微偏离并不要求试块的已成型的接触面
8.24模型检测
在厂商申请第三方认证时测试的样品应该检验，来证明它满足了恰当的要求，所有样品应符合条款6，7，8，9.
如果在设计结构上需要随后的修订，此程序也要做到。在随后的修订中无论结构是否得到认证机构通过
8.3 测验程序
所有的井盖和井篦子都应提交下面的测验：
所有井盖和井篦子都应提交下列测验
Measurement of permanent set of the cover the
test load
8.31
承压之前，在井盖和篦子的几何中心作出最初的读数
承压应在1千牛和5千牛直至测压的三分之二，压力在测验的样本上释放。这个程序需要实施5次。然后在其几何中新做最后的读数 the
permanent set
垃圾筐
8.32 测压的应用
8.31的测压之后，测压将应用在如8.31同等范围中，直到完成。测压将达到30
1/2.6条款中的a)-e)在测压中将不能出现龟裂现象。钢混合的井盖中在混凝土与强化钢必须粘合。
8.4 测量控制
8.41 总的检测
所有产品必须以视觉检查其残缺。
8.42 孔
槽孔和洞口的测量必须精确到1毫米。孔的面积精确到接近100平方毫米。
8.4.3 净开口
圆形，矩形，三角形的净开口必须以毫米测量。
8.4.4 插入的厚度
关于等级为D400至F900的插入厚度将用毫米来测量。
8.45 总的间隙
在盖子‘篦子和框子的测量必须精确到0.5毫米，总的间隙必须精确计算。
8.46 垫子（）
垫子的兼容性是确保盖子、篦子和框子之间确保其稳定，其由厂家检测
8.47 边缘保护
未涂层的铁或者钢边缘保护需要精确到0.1毫米
热浸镀锌的厚度将到5微米
8.48 盖子和篦子在框子里的固定性
A)井盖和篦子在单位磨面积里的重量应占1%。净面积应为100平方米。
8.491 直槽
直槽的直径应精确到1毫米
8.492 非直槽的直径
非直槽的直径应控制在170x20mm.
8.410 垃圾桶，垃圾锅
为确保排水设备和通风设备通顺，在肉眼检查之前，垃圾桶和垃圾锅里放沙子
8.411 持久性
如果一个不可抹去的记号或者标记是很必要的，这样盖子或者篦子会在框子里面，这个记号或者标记将可以看见。
8.4.12 表面情况
表面图层的厚度将精确在0.5微米。厚度应在0.5毫米盖子和框子的总面积由参考的图画或者一些必要的可视的质量检查。或者测量表面模型的直径为1 毫米。表面的厚度与所占的百分比可以计算出来。
8.4.13 盖子和篦子的松开和的打开
盖子和篦子的松紧和打开设施应实际测试。
8.4.14 框子厚度
做好的框子的厚度应测试在1毫米
8.4.15 张开的棱角
张开的角应精确在5度。有铰链的盖子和篦子有辐射形状的异型钢材。标准为170x170x20 毫米，入口的厚度应精确在1毫米。
8.4.16 固定的套
精确在1毫米
9 标记
所有井盖、篦子和框子的承受力
A)EN 124 (作为欧洲标注的标记）
B)合适的等级（例如D400)或者框子的等级用于各个等级。
C)工厂的名字或者识别标记。以及工厂的地方都应该写出。
D)认证单位以及承压。
E)关系到使用的标记或者买方的信息
F)产品认证（名字或者目录号码）
以上所提到的标记应清楚、持久。安装完每一个后应很容易看见。
10 质量控制
10.1 总结
对于此种规格的产品应按照质检程序。
A)质检由厂商负责。
B)检验由独立的第三方负责。对于每一个新产品，厂商根据需要12月的委托期。
10.2 质检由厂商实施
质检的目的是确保井盖产品符合技术要求标准。
10.2.1 工厂符合EN29002
质检由厂商负责确保产品的一致性
10.2.2 工厂由EN29002 认证
附件a是产品认证的最低先觉条件。工厂的质检文件应保存，以便在第三方检验时使用，保留1到5年正如图标A.1-- 图标A.6
10.3 第三方控制
第三方控制的目的是为确保产品的质量水平不断的保持，依据标准要求，给予产品一个独立的认证。
10.3.1第三方质检的过程
第三方质检的过程由以下组成
控制授权证书的有效性，工厂的产品应与EN29002的质量保证体系一致。
终端产品的独立测试。没有预先的宣布一年至少两次，有规律的间歇，有第三方控制。
10.3.1.2 工厂不能获得EN29002 认证
工厂没有获得EN29002将符合附件A的要求。没有预先的宣布，第三方质检一年至少六次。
第三方质检的控制：
为工厂配备足够的员工和设备。
依据此标准的要求型号测试得到认证
质量控制独立于产品。
独立测试成品
假如第三方 的认证同意的话检查一年可以减少到四次
工厂的质量控制系统是充分的在三年里有一个合适的和有效的方法结果应与En的要求一致
这种减少的频率可以保持有效，只要没有发现次品。
